日本語>英語 翻訳練習 0053 ルドルフ・シュタイナー wiki
ルドルフ・シュタイナー（Rudolf Steiner, 1861年2月27日 - 1925年3月30日（64歳没））は、バルカン半島のクラリェヴェク で生まれ、オーストリアやドイツで活動した神秘思想家、哲学者、教育者である。
Rudolf Steiner(Feb.27, 1861 - Mar.30, 1925, died at the age of 64) was born in Donji Kraljevec, Balkan Peninsula and was a mystical thinker, philosopher and educator who was active in Austria and Germany.
ゲーテの自然科学論や学芸雑誌の編集に携わりながら、前衛的な団体やアナキズムの傾向をもつ人々と関係するようになり、ニーチェ主義的な自由思想の立場に至るが、神秘思想の講演者に転身し、人智学（アントロポゾフィー）と称する精神運動を創唱した。人智学運動は神智学協会の神智学運動から派生したものであるが、インド思想に傾倒した神智学協会よりもキリスト教神智学に近い性格をもっており、ロマン派の自然哲学、グノーシス、薔薇十字思想の流れも汲んでいる。
While being involved in editing work for Goethe’s natural science studies and academic magazines, he started associating with avant-garde groups or those who had leaning towards anarchism and reached the Nietzscheistic freethinking stance. Later, however, he changed his position into an advocate of mysticism and created a spiritual movement called Anthroposophy. This movement derived from the theosophy movement of the Theosophical Society, but Anthroposophy shared more similarities with Christian theosophy than with the Theosophical Society that was inclined to Indian thoughts, and therefore the influences of the romantic philosophy of nature, Gnosticism and rosicrucian thoughts were also observed in Anthroposophy.
シュタイナーの思想はカール・グスタフ・ユング、パウル・クレー、アルベルト・シュヴァイツァーにも何らかの影響を与えた。ドイツ哲学研究者の三島憲一は、1970年代以降のドイツで緑の党に集まった知識人たちのなかに人智学に学んだ人々が多い と述べているが、その一方で、1920年代にヴァルター・ベンヤミンはシュタイナーについて「前近代への願望でしかないと見て深く軽蔑していた」（三島 2002 : 596）とも指摘している。
Steiner’s thoughts had certain influence on Carl Gustav Jung, Paul Klee and Albert Schweitzer. German philosophy researcher, Mishima Kenichi, says that there were many intellectuals who had learned from Anthroposophy among those who joined the Green Party in Germany after 1970’s, but at the same time, Mishima also pointed that Walter Benjamin “deeply despised Steiner thinking that his presence was merely the display of longing for premodernity”(Mishima 2002:596).
日本語>英語 翻訳練習 0052 唯識wiki
唯識（ゆいしき、skt：विज्ञप्तिमात्रता Vijñapti-mātratā）とは、個人、個人にとってのあらゆる諸存在が、唯（ただ）、八種類の識によって成り立っているという大乗仏教の見解の一つである（瑜伽行唯識学派）。
Yuishiki(Concsiousness-only, skt：विज्ञप्तिमात्रता Vijñapti-mātratā）is one of Mahayana Buddhist perspectives that all the beings are only composed of eight types of consciousness(Yogachara).
ここで、八種類の識とは、五種の感覚（視覚、聴覚、嗅覚、味覚、触覚）、意識、2層の無意識を指す。
These eight types of consciousness are five types of senses(sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch), mind and two-layered unconscious mind.
よって、これら八種の識は総体として、ある個人の広範な表象、認識行為を内含し、あらゆる意識状態やそれらと相互に影響を与え合うその個人の無意識の領域をも内含する。
Hence, these eight types of consciousness as a whole includes a broad range of representational and cognitive acts of a certain individual, and even all the conscious states and unconscious realm that interacts with them in the individual.
あらゆる諸存在が個人的に構想された識でしかないのならば、それら諸存在は主観的な存在であり客観的な存在ではない。
If all the beings are merely consciousness comprised individually, they ought to be subjective beings and are not objective ones.
それら諸存在は無常であり、時には生滅を繰り返して最終的に過去に消えてしまうであろう。
All the beings are evanescent, and at some point after the repetitions of birth and death, they will eventually disappear in the past.
即ち、それら諸存在は「空」であり、実体のないものである（諸法空相）。
Namely, all the beings are “empty” and insubstantial(emptiness of all dharmas).
このように、唯識は大乗仏教の空の思想を基礎に置いている。
Therefore, consciousness-only is based on the thought of emptiness of Mahayana Buddhism.
また、唯識と西洋哲学でいう唯心論とは、基本的にも、最終的にも区別される。
And consciousness-only is distinguished from spiritualism in western philosophy.
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E8%AD%98?wprov=sfti1
日本語>英語 翻訳練習 0051 鬼滅の刃wiki
日本の漫画、メディアミックス作品
Japanese comic, media mix work
『鬼滅の刃』（きめつのやいば）は、吾峠呼世晴による日本の漫画。『週刊少年ジャンプ』（集英社）にて2016年11号から2020年24号まで連載された。略称は「鬼滅」。
Kimetsu no yaiba is a Japanese comic by Gotōge Koyoharu. It was serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump (Shueisha) from the 11 issue in 2016 to the 24 issue in 2020. It’s abbreviated as “Kimetsu”.
概要
大正時代を舞台に主人公が鬼と化した妹を人間に戻す方法を探すために戦う姿を描く和風剣戟奇譚。第70回（2013年4月期）JUMPトレジャー新人漫画賞（審査員：篠原健太）で佳作を受賞した投稿読切『過狩り狩り』を前身とする。作風としては身体破壊や人喰いなどのハードな描写が多い。
Outline
It is an unusual tale set in the Taisho era Japan involving Japanese style sword fighting that depicts the protagonist who fights in search for the way to save his sister who transformed into a demon and turn her back into a human. It started as a sequel to the one-shot comic Kakarigari which was applied for the 70th contest of Jump Treasure Rookie Manga Award(April, 2013) and received a honorable mention(judge: Shinohara Kenya). As for the style of work, the comic contains many hard-boiled descriptions such as body destruction or cannibalism.
英語日記 痛みについて考えた
Pain is inevitable. There are moments you can’t avoid it no matter how hard you try.
The world is full of pain, or a countless number of people suffering it. Nowhere to hide from it, with no exception.
The world goes on with pain and suffering. Some suppose that same goes even in afterlife with assumed descriptions of hell, hellfire and agony of sinners in myths and religions. Humans have been trying to exterminate pain and suffering over thousands of years. Human history can be no other than the history of the fight against pain.
We are scared of pain. We desperately try to avoid or alleviate it even though we know it’s inevitable, with disguise of happiness and pleasure which are all ephemeral like illusion.
However, we can learn what pain is only after we face, embrace and accept it by ourselves. And that’s when we will truly begin to understand pain of others and sympathize with them.
英語日記 タマネギレバーを作った
I made hígado encebollado for dinner. I referred to a couple of different recipes. In the end, I went for not adding tomato. It tasted like it was supposed to do, but I messed up with seasoning. It was too salty. Next time, I’ll add tomato and put in much less salt.
Cociné hígado encebollado para la cena. Comsulté un par de recetas diferentes. Al fin y al cabo, eligí no añadir tomate. Sabía como debería saber, pero me equivoqué en sazonar. El plato se quedó demasiado salado. La próxima vez, añadiré tomate y pondré mucho menos sal.
英語日記 ユーロビジョン
I finished watching Eurovision some time ago. It was the first film that I watched after a long time. Lately I can’t keep watching a film for long at a time, so I only watch tv series of which one episode only lasts for less than an hour.
Anyway, Eurovision was good. It’s about a couple from a small town in Iceland aiming to win the all-European song contest called Eurovision.
The guy, one of the main characters, had been dreaming of winning it ever since his childhood in a small town in Iceland. He, even reaching his middle age, couldn’t give up on his dream. He kept practicing music with his female childhood friend as a duo. He was so preoccupied by his dream that he didn’t notice her feelings about him. He didn’t seem to have a regular job and had been laughed at by his father and others every time he talked about his dream. However, he believed they would win the contest, and one day, the best chance finally had come in front of the couple.
Many intriguing elements as well as funny ones were woven in the story line that developed in a quite unusual way that I hadn’t expected. Even though I can’t stand watching one thing for a long time, it was entertaining enough for me to finish.
...Are you interested in the film now?
英語日記 タマネギレバー
Vi un programa de Netflix llamado “Todo sobre los Tacos” que presentaba diferentes tipos de tacos mexicanos. Ya no recuerdo bien los detalles y los nombres de tacos, pero todos los tacos presentados parecían muy deliciosos. Una cosa que recuerdo entre ellos es hígado encebollado para los tacos de guisado. Una señora explicaba la receta en el programa y el como hacerlo no parecía muy complicado. Por lo tanto, ahora pienso en hacerlo mañana por mí mismo. A ver si saldrá bien. La verdad es que no soy bueno en concinar, pero la idea de poder comer comidas que no se pueden conseguir fácilmente es muy fascinante.
I watched a Netflix show called “All about the Tacos” that presented different types of Mexican tacos. I don’t already remember the details and the names of tacos well, but all the tacos presented seemed very appetizing. One thing I remember among them is onion liver for tacos de guisado. A lady explained the recipe in the program and how to make it didn’t seem very complicated. So, now I’m thinking of making it tomorrow by myself. We’ll see if it’ll go well. Actually, I’m not good at cooking, but the idea of being able to eat dishes that can’t easily be obtained is very exciting.
